Así como en la Odisea el héroe en su viaje de regreso debe resistir al encanto de las Sirenas, en las Argonáuticas los héroes también deben superarlas en su regreso a la Hélade. Aunque los estudios bibliográficos advierten un cambio de tono entre el modelo homérico y el texto apoloniano, consideramos que no han advertido su importante valor metapoético. Según nuestra lectura, el enfrentamiento entre Orfeo y las Sirenas por medio del canto representa la relación del nuevo poema con la (...) tradición y retoma significados y funciones del episodio odiseico, donde se plantea una clara disputa entre Odisea e Ilíada, como lo demuestra el clásico artículo de Pucci. En este sentido, es importante destacar no solo el tono, sino también la presencia de una dicción cómica en el episodio apoloniano, que representa el carácter no-épico de las Sirenas derrotadas por Orfeo. (shrink)

Aproximación al pensamiento de Rodolfo Kusch -- Canto e identidad en el Martín Fierro según Carlos Astrada y Rodolfo Kusch -- Donde el barro se subleva -- La rehabilitación del saber seminal como camino hacia una mística popular -- Kusch y el impulso social de nuestra época -- La barbarización de la civilización, una grieta de antaño -- ¿De dónde pensarnos?

Critical reception has made Pablo Neruda's Canto General sacred, in fixed celebratory formulas. In the same way, it has established Spain, Chile and Machu Picchu as semi-sacred places of the poetry of said collection. Starting from the idea of ​​Mario Rodríguez that it is time to stop territorializing Neruda, and from the considerations of Deleuze and Guattari who understand that a book becomes more total all the more fragmented, we will add to these spaces the Caribbean, which does not (...) has been approached in relation to this collection of poems, despite the obvious connections that Neruda had with countries in the area in the years when the Canto General was written. The work addresses the idea that the critical updates of this region, which attribute to the territory the shape of a rhizome, would allow configuring the literary space in Canto General in the same way. Book and Caribbean are connected rhizomatically, facilitating the discursive subject to experience processes of becoming that take him away from the molar position in which his critics have territorialized him. It is intended to introduce a fragmented thought into the collection of poems that allows the displacement of identities and molar, absolute and definitive representations of the spaces to place molecular processes in their place. (shrink)

El autor de este artículo lee el Apologeticum de Tertuliano como un texto de transición ideológica entre los primeros escritos mesiánicos del cristianismo y la teología política del siglo IV, i.e. una obra que fusiona teología imperial y cristianismo. Dejando de lado las disputas teológicas con el judaísmo, Tertuliano propone una discusión frontal con los romanos sobre la relación del concepto de divinidad con el poder político y quiere mostrar que la teología y la ética de los cristianos son mucho (...) más apropiadas para una realidad como el Imperio romano que las que ha impuesto la tradición politeísta. En este razonamiento se destaca la correspondencia entre monoteísmo y monarquía universal. The author of this paper reads Apologeticum by Tertullian as a text of ideological transition between the early messianic Christian writings and political fourth century theology, i.e. a work that combines Imperial theology and Christianity. Leaving apart the theological disputes with Judaism, Tertullian proposes a frontal discussion with the Romans on the relationship of the concept of divinity with political power and wants to show that theology and Christian ethics are much more appropriate for a reality as Roman Empire which has imposed the polytheistic tradition. His argumentation stands out the reciprocation between monotheism and universal monarchy. (shrink)

A central aim of cognitive science is to understand the fundamental mechanisms that enable humans to navigate and make sense of complex environments. In this letter, we argue that computational complexity theory, a foundational framework for evaluating computational resource requirements, holds significant potential in addressing this challenge. As humans possess limited cognitive resources for processing vast amounts of information, understanding how humans perform complex cognitive tasks requires comprehending the underlying factors that drive information processing demands. Computational complexity theory provides a (...) comprehensive theoretical framework to achieve this goal. By adopting this framework, we can gain new insights into how cognitive systems work and develop a more nuanced understanding of the relation between task complexity and human behavior. We provide empirical evidence supporting our argument and identify several open research questions and challenges in applying computational complexity theory to human decision‐making and cognitive science at large. (shrink)

Little is known about employee reactions in the form of un/ethical behavior to perceived acts of unfairness toward their peers perpetrated by the supervisor. Based on prior work suggesting that third parties also make fairness judgments and respond to the way employees are treated, this study first suggests that perceptions of interactional justice for peers (IJP) lead employees to two different responses to injustice at work: deviant workplace behaviors (DWBs) and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Second, based on prior literature pointing (...) to supervisors as among the most important sources of moral guidance at work, a mediating role is proposed for ethical leadership. The article suggests that supervisors who inflict acts of injustice on staff will be perceived as unethical leaders, and that these perceptions would explain why employees react to IJP in the form of deviance (DWBs) and citizenship (OCBs). Data were collected from 204 hotel employees. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrate that DWBs and OCBs are substantive reactions to IJP, whereas ethical leadership significantly mediates reactions in the form of DWBs and OCBs. Behavioral ethics and managerial implications are discussed. (shrink)

In the sacrificial moral dilemma task, participants have to morally judge an action that saves several lives at the cost of killing one person. According to the dual process corrective model of moral judgment suggested by Greene and collaborators (2001; 2004; 2008), cognitive control is necessary to override the intuitive, deontological force of the norm against killing and endorse the utilitarian perspective. However, a conflict model has been proposed more recently to account for part of the evidence in favor of (...) dual process models in moral and social decision making. In this model, conflict, moral responses and reaction times arise from the interplay between individually variable motivational factors and objective parameters intrinsic to the choices offered. To further explore this model in the moral dilemma task, we confronted three different samples with a set of dilemmas representing an objective gradient of utilitarian pull, and collected data on moral judgment and on conflict in a 4-point scale. Collapsing all cases along the gradient, participants in each sample felt less conflicted on average when they gave extreme responses (1 or 4 in the UR scale). They felt less conflicted on average when responding to either the low- or the high-pull cases. The correlation between utilitarian responses and conflict was positive in the low-pull and negative in the high-pull cases. This pattern of data suggests that moral responses to sacrificial dilemmas are driven by decision conflict, which in turn depends on the interplay between an objective gradient of utilitarian pull and the moral motivations which regulate individual responsiveness to this gradient. (shrink)

This article provides a survey of the emerging debate on the political representation of nonhuman animals. In Section 1, I identify some of the reasons why the interests of animals are often disregarded in policy-making, and present two arguments why these interests should be considered. In Section 2, I introduce four institutional proposals that have been discussed in the relevant literature. Section 3 attempts to make explicit the underlying logic of each proposal (i.e. which specific problems it wants to tackle). (...) Section 4 discusses some of the main normative pros and cons of each proposal. (shrink)

Castro-Gómez, Santiago. Revoluciones sin sujeto. Slavoj Žižek y la crítica del historicismo posmoderno. Ciudad de México: Akal, 2015. 400 pp.

PurposeAnomic feelings are predicted to play a moderating role in the relationship between organisational justice perceptions and the citizenship use of the organisation's internet access, or cybercivism. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesise that, just as AFs are supported in prior research as able to intensify the negative effects of organisational justice on cyberloafing, they will also intensify the positive effects of OJ on cybercivism.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 270 of the 1,547 respondents at a public university.FindingsExcept in the (...) case of procedural justice, the results support that AF act as a moderator of the OJ‐cybercivism link because, among employees with comparatively less AF, the perceptions of the OJ under study had a stronger impact on cybercivism.Research limitations/implicationsTo generalise from a convenience sample of 17 per cent to the entire University is unfeasible, let alone the “public sector” as a whole for a whole culture/country. Therefore, the paper only aims to be an early exploration of actual phenomenon, and to provide new insights necessary to understand the impact of pervasive new media and information and communication technologies on individual behaviour in virtual work settings.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to an improved understanding of the influence of OJ on cybercivism. As a moderator, anomia is supported in our sample as one of the key “controllers” of the OJ predictions on cybercivism and sets a new scenario in seeking electronic business effectiveness. By encouraging convincing values and equity in the workplace, organisational management seems be on the right path to create the proper context for cybercivism to occur.Originality/valueEmployee AFs are shown to be a moderator in the relationship between OJ and cybercivism. This is the first empirical test of this interaction. (shrink)

Two of the most influential arguments for Bayesian updating ("Conditionalization") -- Hilary Greaves' and David Wallace's Accuracy Argument and David Lewis' Diachronic Dutch Book Argument-- turn out to impose a strong and surprising limitation on rational uncertainty: that one can never be rationally uncertain of what one's evidence is. Many philosophers ("externalists") reject that claim, and now seem to face a difficult choice: either to endorse the arguments and give up Externalism, or to reject the arguments and lose some of (...) the best justifications of Bayesianism. The author argues that the key to resolving this conflict lies in recognizing that both arguments are plan-based, in that they argue for Conditionalization by first arguing that one should planto conditionalize. With this in view, we can identify the culprit common to both arguments: for an externalist, they misconceive the requirement to carry out a plan made at an earlier time. They should therefore not persuade us to reject Externalism. Furthermore, rethinking the nature of this requirement allows us to give two new arguments for Conditionalization that do not rule out rational uncertainty about one's evidence and that can thus serve as common ground in the debate between externalists and their opponents. (shrink)

Introducción: mito y conocimiento.--La crisis del hombre en la "sociedad de masas."--El hombre y la masa.--El camino de Marx.--Los "proyectos" del humanismo cristiano.--Los humanismos en disputa.--El humanismo socialista.

An inquiry into the current ways of knowing, their ramifications, and institutional and noninstitutional artistic practices that provide channels for education from below. Artistic Ecologies: New Compasses and Tools aims to both analyze and speculate about potentials of artistic ecologies, collective learning, and engaged pedagogies to engender new institutionalities. Going beyond tensions between individuals and institutions, Artistic Ecologies examines avenues for collective learning. If learning for life is emancipation—understood not just as a matter of power but of freedom—the essential question (...) that emerges is: What knowledge makes us free and how can institutions help produce it? In search of an answer, this publication’s textual and visual contributions explore sites and practices through which new institutionalities can emerge. Artistic Ecologies comprises essays analyzing current ways of knowing and their ramifications (Marina Garcés, Yayo Herrero and Pirate Care) and portraying alternative ways of forming knowledge through institutional and non-institutional artistic practices (DAAR—Decolonizing Architecture Art Research, Yael Davids, Max Jorge Hinderer Cruz, The Sensing Salon). Artistic contributions in various formats—poems, drawings, visual essays—by Luna Acosta, CAConrads, Eva Ďurovec, Teuta Gatolin, Margherita Isola, and Jammers illustrate heterodox channels for questioning the dominant forms of knowledge and educating from below. (shrink)

After examining some of the most fundamental aspects of the general concept of ‘neuroright’ in the current discussion, this paper analyzes the concept of ‘the mental’ contained in the very first law of neurorights in the world currently under discussion in the Senate of the Republic of Chile (Bulletin 13.828-19 of the Chilean Senate). It is claimed that the lack of specificity of the target notion might not only posit difficulties for the creation of specific legal frameworks for the protection (...) of subjects from potential misuses of neurotechnologies with access to neural data, but it might also make very difficult the process of decision-taking when interpreting the law. (shrink)

Designed for use in business ethics courses, this text provides a comprehensive selection of essays on various ethical controversies supplemented with excerpts from relevant court cases. Iannone places the readings in the context of moral theory, encouraging students to apply theoretical principles to specific moral controversies. The wide range of controversies covered includes product liability, sexual harassment, whistle-blowing, labor negotiations, insider trading, and mergers. The use of non-technical language and a structure that follows the standard divisions of the business curriculum (...) combine to make the book both accessible to students and ideal for instructors. (shrink)

El objetivo de este estudio es interpretar la relación entre el modelo anatómico de Descartes y el régimen disciplinario que M. Foucault propone en su tesis sobre el poder en la Modernidad. Se muestra cómo Foucault sitúa a Descartes como el iniciador de una medicina que convertiría el cuerpo humano en una máquina y al igual que esta, pasaría a concebirse como un sistema mecánico susceptible de ser explorable, controlable y manipulable.

El artículo traza una comparación entre la forma y necesidades de vivir del hombre (ecología humana) y del Canis lupus, es decir el lobo o el perro, y se muestra como nuestra ecología human ha avanzado a la par que la del can, lo que puede ser de utilidad para interpretar alguna de las claves sociales y políticas actuales.

Este artículo propone una lectura metafísica de tres problemas que atraviesan el corazón de la Fenomenología del Espíritu: a) la condición de abertura constitutiva del espíritu; b) el Deseo como estado de dirección Hacia; y c) la vida como condición de abertura y como estado de dirección Hacia: la VIDA. Para llegar a la elaboración de esta clave de lectura, dividiremos el presente estudio en tres recorridos organizados a partir de dos figuras coordinadas: en el primero, trataremos de caracterizar la (...) condición de abertura y de manera abreviada el estado de dirección Hacia que caracteriza al espíritu individual en el nivel de la certeza sensible; en el segundo, examinaremos el estado de dirección hacia Hacia, como Deseo; y, finalmente, reelaboraremos las dos figuras en tanto condiciones que hacen posible la VIDA del espíritu, en general. (shrink)

Este estudio examina la tesis de Th. W. Adorno por la cual el arte es una actividad racional. En primer lugar, se focaliza la cuestión de la relación arte y racionalidad. En segundo lugar, se explora la cuestión de la participación del arte en el proceso de la dialéctica de la Ilustración. En tercer lugar, el trabajo indaga el potencial crítico del arte. Finalmente el estudio se aproxima a la noción de objetivación estética y concretamente la noción de experimentación como (...) actividad crítica. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to extend the knowledge about why procedural justice has behavioral implications within organizations. Since prior studies show that PJ leads to legitimacy, the author suggests that, when formal regulations are unfairly implemented, they lose their validity or efficacy. This “rule deactivation,” in turn, leads to two proposed destructive work behaviors, namely, workplace deviance and decreased citizenship behaviors. The results support this mediating role of RD, thus suggesting that it forms part of the generative mechanism (...) through which unfair procedures influence ethical behavior within organizations. The author ends the article by discussing behavioral ethics and managerial implications as well as suggestions for future research. (shrink)

Para Deleuze, la ética es un saber experimental: se trata de componer relaciones, probar si una nueva conexión aumenta la potencia del cuerpo o la depotencia. Este artículo persigue un objetivo central: mostrar los elementos necesarios para la construcción de una ética inmanente y relacional que no esté fundada en el modelo del juicio moral, sino como una praxis experimental a partir de la interpretación que Deleuze hace de la ética de Spinoza y la filosofía de Nietzsche.

En este trabajo se analizan los documentales del período silente de la Revolución mexicana, específicamente aquellos que fueron realizados durante el fragor de la contienda armada entre 1910 y 1917. El objetivo es reflexionar acerca del modo en que las imágenes fílmicas contribuyeron a forjar el mito de la Revolución como mexicanidad y, a partir de esa mitificación, problematizar la temporalidad de las imágenes y su devenir social y político. Se sostiene que los documentales del período revolucionario favorecieron de manera (...) significativa (junto con otras prácticas culturales: pintura, literatura, teatro) la estructuración de un imaginario social que concibió la lucha armada como seña de identidad. El análisis de los documentales rodados durante el proceso revolucionario mostrará cómo esas imágenes fílmicas hicieron legible una historicidad de la Revolución y, al mismo tiempo, inscribieron una nueva matriz cultural que instituyó, por ejemplo, al campesinado rebelde como discurso sobre el cual construir esa nueva mexicanidad. De este modo, la Revolución como mexicanidad se instauró como un nuevo paradigma sociopolítico sobre el cual se cimentó el nacionalismo populista que se irá conformando como ethos cultural dentro de la sociedad mexicana a lo largo del siglo XX. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende examinar las relaciones entre derecho, ideología y discurso. Para ello se asume la teoría sociocognitiva de la ideología de Teun van Dijk y el enfoque institucional acerca de la naturaleza del derecho de Joseph Raz explorando la posibilidad de la existencia de ideologías legales. A partir de un ejemplo, se muestra la imbricación del campo político con el campo de la justicia y se concluye que los jueces adhieren al menos a dos grupos ideológicos, uno de carácter (...) político y otro de carácter profesional. This paper aims to examine the relationship between law, ideology and discourse. To do this, the sociocognitive theory of Teun van Dijk’s ideology is ascribed together with Joseph Raz’s institutional approach to the nature of law by exploring the possibility of existence of legal ideologies. Starting from an example, we show the overlap between the political field with the field of justice and conclude that judges adhere to at least two ideological groups, one of a political nature and the other of a professional nature. (shrink)

Despite the fact that their disagreement concerns the most basic metaethical and metaphysical questions regarding our relation to nature, it has become apparent that many anthropocentrists share with nonanthropocentrists a concern for the environment for its own sake, that is to say, a noninstrumental concern for nature. This concern is also present in practical spheres of environmental engagement. With regard to the philosophical task of justifying the claim that we ought to protect nature, this concern imposes on those that share (...) it at least three conditions: priority, independence of future interaction, and universality. Reasonably specified, these conditions are neutral between anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism and should be attractive to both camps. Although there are reasons to think it would be difficult to meet all three conditions at the same time, with some modification a promising way to do it becomes apparent. (shrink)

In his important new book National responsibility and global justice, David Miller presents a systematic challenge to existing theories of global justice. In particular, he argues that cosmopolitan egalitarianism must be rejected. Such views, Miller maintains, would place unacceptable burdens on the most productive political communities, undermine national self-determination, and disincentivize political communities from taking responsibility for their fate. They are also impracticable and quite unrealistic, at least under present conditions. Miller offers an alternative account that conceives global justice in (...) terms of a minimum set of basic rights that belong to human beings everywhere. Primary responsibility for securing such rights for an individual lies with his or her state, but in so far as these rights go unprotected, responsibilities for fulfilling them may fall on outsiders. While less ambitious that cosmopolitan egalitarian justice, Miller argues that his own view would nevertheless enable us to articulate what is most morally objectionable about our current world. In this article it is argued that none of Miller's critiques of cosmopolitan egalitarianism is effective, and that while certainly preferable to the status quo, a world governed by Miller's principles is not an attractive ideal. (shrink)

En filosofía de la mente se ha sugerido que, a diferencia de los estados puramente materiales, los estados conscientes serían aquellos de los cuales podemos decir que existe ‘un algo que es como estar en ellos’ para un sujeto, esto es, estados que poseen una fenomenología. Asumiendo una demarcación intuitiva entre estados sensoriales y estados cognitivos, durante los últimos años se ha establecido un debate en torno a la pregunta acerca del carácter fenoménico de nuestros estados cognitivos, especialmente, el de (...) nuestros pensamientos. A este asunto se le ha denominado el debate acerca de la fenomenología cognitiva. El análisis del debate parece depender del examen crítico de las formas en las que establecemos conclusiones acerca de los componentes fenoménicos de nuestra propia vida mental. El presente artículo elabora diversos problemas que se derivan del uso de dos estrategias en este contexto: reportes introspectivos y los contrastes fenoménicos. Luego de analizar la forma en que tales estrategias podrían favorecer a cierta posición dentro del debate, el artículo concluye comentando cómo algunos asuntos asociados a la fenomenología de la actividad matemática podrían iluminar el debate. (shrink)

La reflexión sobre el tiempo en la fenomenología sartreana ha estado presente desde sus inicios, pero no ha dado lugar a una sola teoría del tiempo, sino que ha pasado por tres momentos diferentes, en los cuales han surgido por cada momento una teoría distinta. Así, en relación al primer momento encontramos una teoría instantaneísta, en relación al segundo, una teoría de la temporalidad, y en relación al tercero, una teoría de la historialidad. Por esta razón, el objetivo principal de (...) este trabajo es explicitar los desarrollos intrínsecos de cada teoría para, de esta forma, mostrar cómo la fenomenología sartreana contribuye al esclarecimiento de uno de los temas más importantes para filosofía, y en especial para la fenomenología, como es el tiempo. (shrink)

Este artigo revisa a idéia de filosofia “medieval” and põe ênfase na variedade de significados daquela palavra. O autor crê que necessitamos de uma nova terminologia para aquele período da história do pensamento e sugere, por razões históricas, as expressões “United Age” e “Formation Age”. Em todo o artigo prevalece uma tentativa de compreender a natureza da atividade filosófica e da história da filosofia.